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American Modeling Teachers Association (AMTA) website has instructional resources by modelers that anyone can freely download (click on Resource Room), and easy ways to join this grassroots professional organization. Members can upload instructional resources at several content-focused forums.
Mark Schober's and other expert modelers' improved paradigm labs for mechanics units 7, 8, and 9 (central force particle model, energy transfer model, and impulsive force model) are among 260 compilations at archive of teacher contributions to the Modeling listserv.
Amusement park physics: The St. Louis Area Physics teachers website has resources for Physics Day at Six Flags. Included are downloadable files for the actual activities, and sample data taken using accelerometers and barometers. Also video clips and activities to help prepare students for Physics Day. Modelers Mark Schober, Rex Rice, & Bill Brinkhorst ran Physics Day at Six Flags for many years. They designed the materials to be "modeling friendly."
Movies of modelers! Two QuickTime movies of Larry Dukerich's classroom teaching (on mechanics and sound waves); Dwain Desbien (13 minutes), Matt Greenwolfe (2 minutes), Malcolm Wells, Jennifer Dye at Pope John Paul Catholic HS (6 minutes for parents, on pcb), and more (in streaming format; thanks to Frank Noschese for collecting them.)
Frank Noschese’s Learning Science by Doing Science talk at TEDxNYED explains how he uses Modeling Instruction in his high school courses. (April 2012; 15-minutes)
Seth Guinal-Kupperman's video on his high school physics course in NYC. includes commentary by Prof. Fernand Brunschwig (12 minutes, 2011)
Other Modeling Workshop websites:
STEMteachersNYC. Teacher-led
Saturday workshops in physics and chemistry each month; summer Modeling Workshops.
Kansas Modeling
Instruction. (Livebinder: a large website.)
University of New England.
Click on "modeling". For the user ID and password, contact Professor
James Vesenka.
Modelers' blogs (the most active blogs as of 2018 are listed first):
GLOBAL PHYSICS DEPARTMENT. A professional learning community online: curriculum, textbooks, pedagogy, and physics humor. Peer coaching.
Matt Greenwolfe’s SBG standards
for physics, and a description of ‘synthesis standards”, i.e., modeling
and challenge problems.
Sample modeling and challenge problems are at the AMTA e-forum (available
only to AMTA members).
Paul Bianchi’s physics standards for standards-based grading (SBG): NY state curriculum, reworked in a modeling fashion -- a work in progress, started in fall 2011. He welcomes comments.
Tim Burgess' website has many research studies of 9th grade physics. Most use Modeling Instruction.
Jerel Welker’s website on math
modeling. Jerel team-taught integrated physics and pre-calculus with modeler
Jim Rynearson (1997-’98).
LAB-Physics (formerly Learn Anytime, Anywhere Physics) developed at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (Modeling Instruction course on the web)
An NSTA book, "Exemplary Science in Grades 9-12", is available in paperback for $20. Three of the fifteen programs in 15 chapters are about Modeling Instruction! Earl Legleiter (from Kansas) contributed a chapter on his use of Modeling Instruction in physics. Carmela Minaya (from Hawaii) extolled her experiences with Modeling Instruction in chemistry. A chapter by Prof. Julie Luft of ASU features Teresa Potter, a rural Arizona modeler.
Energy in the Human
Body: a free six to 12-week research-based biology modeling
curriculum (and video clips) for middle school, including
assessments, lists of misconceptions, and video clips of classroom instruction.
NSES content standards addressed include cells, organs and systems; nutrition
and energy flow through ecosystems, and interactions between organisms and
environments.
Authors: Mary Anne Rea-Ramirez, Maria Cecilia Nunez-Oviedo,
and John Clement, a leading science education researcher at the University
of Massachusetts.
MUSE:
Modeling for Understanding in Science Education - Earth-Moon-Sun dynamics
models for grades 8 & 9 in astronomy. MUSE and Modeling
Instruction are compatible. You can print worksheets as pdf’s directly
from the website – an icon for PDF is at the top right of the page.
MUSE.ZIP Earth-Moon-Sun dynamics models. On a Mac,
load the file into your browser, then "save as" a .pdf or .rtf,
then print if desired. Includes MUSE publications in
.pdf.
Model-Assisted Reasoning in Science (MARS) is a 1990s middle school science curriculum project of Drs. Kalyani Raghavan and Mary L. Sartoris at the University of Pittsburgh. Objective data on 1300 students, overviews of modules, National Standards addressed, evaluation results, references, contributors, and a slide show. (Some links on that website are dead. I think this is because their NSF funding ended before they finished model-based modules for grades 7 and 8.)
Modeling Designs for Learning (MoDeLS) is a middle school and upper elementary program at Northwestern University and several other universities. It developed a learning progression for scientific modeling practices. A synopsis.
Tools for Ambitious Science Teaching is a middle school and early high school program at the University of Washington (Mark Windschitl and colleagues) that develops teacher resources for model-based inquiry.
Introductory Physical Science, an outstanding 9th grade textbook, is a foundational resource in the Physical Science with Math Modeling Workshop developed at ASU in 2001. A review
Robert Karplus' textbook: Introductory Physics: A Model Approach. 2nd edition edited by Fernand Brunschwig in 2003 and 2011. Outstanding for conceptual physics in grades 11-12 and college. Buy in paperback. To order multiple copies for a class, email FBrunsch AT gmail.com. Download a review in The Physics Teacher and a review by two modelers. (Fernand Brunschwig is the "original modeler"; he was Robert Karplus's graduate student at UC-Berkeley, and he taught from the 1st edition.) Fernand Brunschwig developed chapter summaries, teacher notes, more homework problems and answers, tests and quizzes, interactive computer-based demonstrations. Teachers who wish to have them, or who want to contribute materials, should email him at FBrunsch AT gmail.com.
Fernand Brunschwig's Energy flow diagrams (2018) or Energy flow diagrams (2015 - view) or (download 2015). Fernand Brunschig emphasizes that "Types & forms of energy are just names. Key issues are, as Karplus says: Where and how is energy stored? What changes occur as energy is transferred from source to receiver?"
Robert Karplus et al: Workshop on Physics Teaching and the Development of Reasoning
Matter & Interactions web site includes lists of items for desktop experiments on electrostatics, circuits, and magnetism; weblink to Bruce Sherwood's two distance graduate courses at North Carolina State University for physics teachers. Bruce Sherwood and Ruth Chabay do physics education research .
SPIRALPhysics by Paul D'Alessandris, Monroe Community College, is a wealth of free online research-based conceptual/quantitative activities for calculus-based physics and algebra-based physics. Dwain Desbien, an expert modeler at Estrella Mountain Community College, uses SPIRALPhysics extensively. An intro by Paul -- excellent! .pdf
ISLE (investigative science learning environment) is super-compatible with Modeling Instruction. It was developed by Eugenia Etkina and Alan Van Heuvelen at Rutgers University for physics courses for prospective teachers, science majors, and physics/engineering majors. ISLE is based on Eugenia's Ph.D. work in Russia and Alan's multiple representations that resulted from his sabbatical with David Hestenes. Eugenia contributed the method of instruction - going from observations to models, to predictions, to testing. ISLE is similar to Modeling Instruction but has less emphasis on discourse.
Scientific Abilities: model-based activities & labs, rubrics, multiple representations, video problems, research papers by the Rutgers University PER group.
Rubrics to assess scientific abilities: (ISLE and PUM: several weblinks, sample student work and scores) download
The Role of Models in Physics Instruction, by Eugenia Etkinia, Aaron Warren, and Michael Gentile, is an excellent introduction. (6 pages, TPT 2006). It's in the section called "Scientific Abilities". Many other research-based papers on model-based instruction. Three of special interest to modelers are:
Role
of experiments in physics instruction - a process approach,
Eugenia Etkina, Alan Van Heuvelen, David Brookes, David Mills
Investigative
Science Learning Environment - A Science Process Approach
to Learning Physics, Eugenia Etkina, Alan Van Heuvelen. in Research Based
Reform of University Physics, E.F. Redish and P.Cooney (Eds.) (2007)
Transfer
of Scientific Abilities: Building Habits of Mind, by
Eugenia Etkina, Anna Karelina, Maria Ruibal-Villasenor, David Rosengrant,
Rebecca Jordan, Cindy E. Hmelo-Silver (2008: 78-page draft). (For a quick
overview, read the three four-page PERC 2007 papers in the section
"Transfer of Scientific Abilities".]
200 digitized labs, model-based: Physics Teaching Technology (PT3) Resource at Eugenia Etkina's website. Award-winner from Science Journal!
PUM: Physics Union Mathematics by Eugenia
Etkina and colleagues. An implementation of ISLE for physics in grades 8 and
9.
Read Dr. Etkina's open letter comparing
PUM and Modeling Instruction with PSI, a 9th grade physics teacher training
program in the Northeast USA.
Responsive
Teaching in Science is Fred Goldberg & David Hammer's K-5 program
of research-informed curriculum and professional development. Responsive teaching
refers to practices of attending and responding to the substance of students'
thinking. It aligns with the essence of scientific practice. The website includes modeling cycles in 3 areas/themes: toy cars, the water
cycle, and electric circuits. Videos and much more! Craig Buszka and Jason
Sullivan led a modeling-style workshop at Montgomery High School in Skillman
NJ in summer 2014 for elementary school teachers in their district, using
this curriculum, and later workshops for STEMteachersNYC.
Minds-on Physics (MOP) is research-based for high school and college, from the University of Massachusetts. Advice by John Clement, long-time modeler. View and link. or doc. Download activity A012: Falling Marble - measure
PhET: Free online educational simulations of physical and chemical phenomena. PhET has a promising future in html5.
John Clement's simulations in physics.View and link. or doc. Compatible with Modeling Instruction, Minds-on-Physics, Tools for Scientific Thinking & Real Time Physics labs. John is a long-time modeler in Houston, with a PhD in physics.Molecular Workbench has hundreds of interactive, visual simulations and activities for teaching physics, chemistry, and biology. The model-based activities are primarily of interactions of atoms and molecules, or rule-based genetics. Most simulations require Java 1.5+ for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X 10.4 and newer. Also, if you want to build your own interactive simulations (molecular, mechanical, and discrete-element), download free open-source software that includes a report and assessment system for collecting data and measuring learning.
V Python Free open-source computer simulation software; contributed programs in physics, earth science, etc. V Python is used in the two model-based AP-C/university physics textbooks, "Matter and Interactions", by Bruce Sherwood and Ruth Chabay. Comments by Matt Greenwolfe, Gregg Swackhamer, Martin Mason & Aaron Titus.
Glowscript is free open-source computer simulation software by Bruce Sherwood and Ruth Chabay. Create 3-D animations and display them on the web. View Gregg Swackhamer's Glowscript animations in physics & chemistry (2013). Download Gregg's listserv post. Visit Casey Rutherford's Glowscript tutorials (2017). Visit Jim Deane's Glowscript and VPython lessons/tutorials (2017).
SOFTWARE CARPENTRY, A non-profit that develops lessons on scientific computing (e.g., Glowscript, Vpython). Recommended by Nathan Moore, physics professor & Modeling Workshop host at Winona State University.
Ramp n' Roll applet: motion of ball on a ramp (& worksheet). A favorite!
The Scale of the Universe This interactive animation is a modern version of the classic POWERS OF TEN video. It takes you all the way from the (estimated) outer reaches of the universe down to the Planck length. Humans are in the middle. Click on different objects as they zoom by to learn more. For hand-held devices, too, in 2016.
A fun curve matching game. Multiple levels of position vs. time curves and velocity vs. time curves. The student enters the initial conditions, and in advanced levels the conditions at the point where the curve changes. Then the simulation plots the student's curve against the curve to be matched.
World in Motion / Physics ToolKit is no longer available by 2016. It
was free! Mitch Johnson recommends this for online instruction. He wrote,
"Students must use lab skills to set up and mark the video and interpret
results. Then I use applets to reinforce their lab results."
Teaching
with Models
(SERC Pedagogic Service) discusses modeling in geology/earth
science. Dozens of examples of models for K-12 courses in biology, chemistry,
environmental science, geoscience, math, physics!
Conceptual
models.
Graphical/mathematical
and statistical models.
Model-Eliciting
Activities (SERC Pedagogic Service) are activities
that encourage students to invent and test models. Discussion and many examples.
For
statistics courses.
For
k-12 math or engineering courses. Click on: Case Studies
for Kids - Archive site of MEAs for kids
chemistry Modeling Instruction alignment to California and Massachusetts standards, which are almost entirely NGSS (2017).
VENN diagram that
relates practices in Common Core, ELA, and NGSS / NRC Framework for K-12
Science (March 2012, by Tina Cheuk at Stanford University).
Scroll to the bottom of that webpage, to download it.
An introduction
to math modeling , at the Common Core Math Standards website.
Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (CTSR): an introduction: View or download
Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning
(CTSR) - free response vs in 1995 by Anton Lawson, with answer sheet.
For the password, e-mail jane.jackson@asu.edu .
Formal Reasoning Test used in Modeling
Instruction since 1990 and answer sheet.
For the password, e-mail jane.jackson@asu.edu .
Creation of National Norms for Scientific Thinking Skills Using the Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning, by Jacqueline O’Donnell (Winona State University, 2011; thesis. 392 pages, 2.6MB in pdf). The multiple-choice CTSR was used to create national thinking skill norms. Data from ~5500 students in Minnesota, Montana, and Wisconsin indicate that ~ 50 % of students in grades 7 - 9 are concrete thinkers and ~ 85% of students graduating from high school are not formal thinkers. Gender and poverty results are discussed.
CLASS: Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey. Versions for physics, chemistry, and biology.
RTOP: View a short
article. RTOP includes formative assessment, evidence
of inquiry, pedagogical content knowledge. By Paul Hickman, Drew Isola,
& Mark Reif (2010). Download.
The RTOP and related instruments can be downloaded here.
DIAGNOSER: research-based
formative assessment on the web, for middle school
& high school physics, chemistry, physical science, & math.
Diagnoser Project: Jim
Minstrell and Pam Kraus' site. Evaluation tools, diagnostic learning environment,
references, research publications.
ConcepTests (clicker questions) and Paul Hewitt's NextTime Questions are formative assessment used by some modelers and in peer instruction. View a list of URLs in sciences and math. Download
3 Truths and a Lie with Force Diagrams - .doc or pdf : game-like formative assessment that is easy enough to have a substitute teacher use. Contributed by Donna Richardson in Feb. 2018. Forces trading cards , forces chart
CASE: Cognitive Acceleration through Science Education, by
Shayer and Adey. A modeling-friendly program of biweekly interventions for
middle school.
History
and evidence (UNESCO article)
Curriculum
Analysis Taxonomy of Reasoning Skills. Important! Newly released in 2013!
Effects
of Cognitive Acceleration (Dr. Adey's last article -- 2011)
CASE
sequence of lessons
Scientific
Reasoning Skills -- a PowerPoint presentation to 75 modelers
at ASU in July 2003, by Dr. Philip Adey. He was Director
of the Centre for the Advancement of Thinking, University of London, England.
CASE: recommended references, by physics professor Nathan Moore
of Winona State University; and how to get and score the Lawson Classroom
Test of Scientific Reasoning (CTSR): View
or download
Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (CTSR) research, by Coletta, Phillips, and modeler Jeff Steinert . Download publications free at http://myweb.lmu.edu/jphillips/per/ajp-12_05.pdf and http:/myweb.lmu.edu/jphillips/per/2007-TPT.pdf and http://myweb.lmu.edu/jphillips/per/2007-PhysRev.pdf
Anton "Tony" Lawson's two articles on his biology course for non-science
students, which had extremely high gains on the CTSR.
Promoting
Creative and Critical Thinking Skills in College Biology, by Anton Lawson
(Bioscene, 2001). Or
download here.
Basic
Theories in Biology, by Anton Lawson. (This unpublished
paper accompanies the above publication . What he calls theories, we call
models. He agrees; read his introduction.)
Thinking in Physics, by Vince Coletta. A paperback book in 2014 that is a "must read" for all high school and college physics teachers. Order a FREE copy. Download
Research for Teachers (RfT: United Kingdom). Summaries of contributions by ~50 leading thinkers, including Shayer and Adey, Rosalind Driver, John Dewey, Vygotsky, Jerome Bruner, Donald Schon, Carl Rogers.
Richard Hake’s website on physics education research. SDI labs (low-tech and modeling-friendly), normalized gain, FCI research. His references #10, 14, 23, and 24 are of great importance to science teachers.
PER User's Guide, an extensive website on ComPADRE that was begun in 2012.
Ken and Pat Heller's research on cooperative learning, at University of Minnesota. Click on Research. Many context-rich problems
TIMSS video study has a dozen reports on research about the need for a coherent storyline in K-12 science courses.
A Private Universe (video)
Inventive Learning & Contrasting Cases. Read Practicing versus inventing with contrasting cases: The effects of telling first on learning and transfer by Daniel L. Schwartz et al (2013). Read this summary of A Time for Telling, by Schwartz and Bransford (1998). (The summary is by Bud Nye, a modeler.)
Physics Invention Tasks help students improve math reasoning, especially proportional reasoning. Students use data from contrasting cases to invent ratio quantities, etc. It takes little time in the classroom! In 2014, Suzanne Brahmia, a project leader at Rutgers University, urges high school & college teachers to take a day-long workshop to learn how to use Invention Tasks.
More research by Dan Schwartz's group at Stanford University, at the intersection of cognitive science, education, and computer science.Richard Hake and Sanjoy Mahajan created the "Benezet Centre", which has downloadable versions of Benezet's articles. Students in New Hampshire were not subjected to arithmetic algorithms until grade 6. In earlier grades they read, invented, and discussed stories and problems; estimated quantities; and enjoyed finding and interpreting quantities relevant to their lives. In grade 6, with 4 months of formal training, they caught up to regular students.
Numerous mindset resources (& mindset surveys to give students) are at PERTS, an initiative that is led by Carol Dweck at Stanford, David Yaeger at UT-Austin, and their colleagues.
Develop Thinking Skills: a short reading assignment for students, in the spirit of Carl Dweck's work. Contributed by John Clement, long-time modeler in Houston.
How Science Works: a 21-page downloadable article on the nature of science -- scientific methods: (home page: Understanding Science. )
Interactive Engagement is the most effective teaching strategy! ICAP Framework: Micki Chi's research at ASU. Chi, M. T. H., & Wylie, R. (2014). Summary of interactive engagement, constructivism, active learning, and passive learning.
Talk Science Primer, from TERC. ESSENTIAL resource for Modeling Workshops! The videos are great, too; Seth Furlow's favorite is Reasons from Evidence.
Ron Gray’s webpage at NAU, on teaching about productive talk in the science classroom, has links to many resources.CIMM videos. For a powerful use of whiteboards in 3rd grade, look at Hidden Hills Elementary School 3rd graders talking about CIMM! These are kids in the lowest level math class, based on their 2nd grade AIMS (AZ state test) scores. CIMM, developed by Dr. Rob MacDuff when he worked with David Hestenes at ASU, is an effective, unifying method of working with quantity, using multiple representations. More at the CIMM webpage .
YouTube videos on LabPro, LoggerPro, motion detector (download)
Lee Trampleasure's video on developing the constant acceleration particle model (Unit 3 ramp lab): a whiteboarding session for students who miss class.
Donna Blakeney, a long-time modeler in Phoenix, created a YouTube playlist
of 16 clips from Philip Morrison's Ring of Truth. These include clips that
Larry Dukerich and other Modeling Workshop leaders laud for use in chemistry
and physics modeling classes.
Bookmark the playlist
for your class.
Frank
Noschese's physics videos to analyze. Many!
Derek Muller's videos that straighten out naive conceptions, & his PhD dissertation. View or download.
Effective Tech for STEM videos (collection & links. This website was created by Frank Noschese, a modeler in New York, for an inservice.)
Eureka! videos. View a list of URLs or download
NSF videos for classroom use (4 minutes -- recommended by Buffy Cushman-Patz, a modeler in Hawaii). View or download
200 digitized labs, model-based: Physics Teaching Technology (PT3) Resource at Eugenia Etkina's website. Award-winner from Science Journal!
DIRECT
MEASUREMENT VIDEOS in physics: Many videos that include
gpids, rulers, frame counters that allow students to make measurements. Each
video has questions. Some sample lesson plans. Modeler Peter
Bohacek’s 2013 powerpoint on how to use them
in class.
Library of videos
organized by topic. (NEW in 2014)
4 optics tutorials online , for self-study -- by Prof. Barbara Hoeling. For high school and college students, and middle school teachers PD. Read her research on them in The Physics Teacher journal. Modelers like them.
Mechanical Universe videos:
on YouTube in 2017. From Cal Tech: 52 half-hour episodes and 4 five-minute demos of computer animations that unify the big ideas of physics!
on archive.org in 2016.
View physics review websites or download.
Physics for Future Presidents. Search on YouTube for Richard Muller's Physics 10 course for non-science majors at UC-Berkeley. You can view all 25 lectures; each is 1 hour 15 minutes long. It begins with energy and includes "what is most important". David Hestenes recommends it for his discussion of energy. (View an introduction.) or (Download an introduction.)
Teachers
Clearinghouse Newsletter for Science and Society Education is
archived at the AAPT "Physics and Society Education" (Physoc) website.
The editor is John Roeder, a physics modeler and PTRA leader; he co-founded
the newsletter in 1982.
Video on electric fields, cell towers, and wi-fi, by Bruce Sherwood of NCSU (2008). It helps city staff, residents, and company representatives in discussing issues. (Scroll to the bottom of the page.) Alternate URL
Sustainable Energy - Without the Hot Air, by David JC MacKay, Professor of Physics at Cambridge University (2009). Download free. “I would choose Sustainable Energy as a text over its competitors because MacKay has moved the energy discussion in the direction where energy alternatives can be considered quantitatively." --American Journal of Physics
Updating the Climate Science:
What Path is the Real World Following? by Makiko Sato & James Hansen (PhD
in physics), Columbia University. Several worldwide graphs!
“Our aim is to help people understand global climate change — and how the
factors that drive climate are changing.”
Three websites that focus on education in climate change and are funded by
well-known agencies in K-12 (reviewed by physics modeler & PTRA leader
John Roeder, in the Teachers Clearinghouse Newsletter: Winter-Spring 2013,
pages 23-24. See above):
1) CLEAN (from TERC, SERC, NOAA, etc.). here
2) Carbon Connections (from BSCS. A multdisciplinary online module for grades
9 to 12). here
3) Climate Science Toolkit (from the American Chemical Society). here
Al Bartlett's website on Arithmetic, Population, and Energy: Sustainability 101. View a listserv post by/about Al Bartlett in 2013. Download. He was Professor of Physics at the University of Colorado. "The greatest shortoming of the human race is our inability to understand the exponential function." David Hestenes recommends it -- used in our ASU MNS course PHS 542: Integrated Mathematics and Physics.
Carl Wennings' publications
are valuable to share with principals and department chairmen.
Carl directed the physics teacher preparation program at Illinois State University
until 2008. He organized Modeling Workshops for 100 Illinois physics teachers.
Minimizing resistance to inquiry-oriented instruction: The importance of climate setting. Journal of Physics Teacher Education Online (JPTEO) 3(2), December 2005, pp. 10-15.
Whiteboarding and Socratic dialogues: Questions and answers. JPTEO 3(1), September 2005, pp.3-10.
Engaging students in conducting Socratic dialogues: Suggestions for science teachers. JPTEO 4(1), Autumn 2006, pp. 10-13. (with Thomas W. Holbrook and James Stankevitz).
Assessing inquiry skills as a component of scientific literacy. JPTEO 4(2), Winter 2007, pp. 21-24. Also, see the Scientific Inquiry Literacy Test (ScInqLiT) - (PDF); contact Carl Wenning wenning@phy.ilstu.edu for password.
Assessing nature-of-science literacy as one component of scientific literacy. JPTEO 3(4), Summer 2006, pp. 3-14. Also, see the associated Nature of Science Literacy Test (NOSLiT) - password protected PDF; contact Carl Wenning for password. )
How teachers can recruit their students to become science teachers (several links
This page is maintained by Jane Jackson - jane.jackson@asu.edu
Updated March 23, 2018